Results of the second metal composition test

[Yao SongYi]

万宝龙145 贺利氏AM铱粒

钨主量 钌次量 铼次量 锇添加剂 钴粘合剂

 

 

 

70年代万宝龙146 14C 贺利氏A1C铱粒或者贺利氏“海拉II”铱粒

铱主量 锇次量 钌次量 钴粘合剂 铂粘合剂

 

 

 Pilot Elite 95S铱粒 （年份代码417）

锇主量 铱次量 钌添加剂（或粘合剂） 铑添加剂（或粘合剂） 铂粘合剂

 

 

 

国产14K笔尖 贺利氏E3铱粒

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

 

 

 

Pilot 14K铱粒 （年份代码H1179）

锇主量 铱次量 钌粘合剂

 

 

 

百利金 M400 

贺利氏P5/E3铱粒

 

 

 

白金3776铱粒 （年份代码115）

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

 

 

白金总统铱粒

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

检测出铑 应为镀层污染

 

 

白金CURIDAS铱粒

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

 

 

 

复刻 Parker 51 18k

（年份代码Q.III）  

贺利氏P5/E3铱粒

 

 

 

万宝龙254 14C 铱粒（查阅资料，应该是纳粹德国时期研发的）

铼主量 钌次量 钴次量（或粘合剂）铑添加剂（或粘合剂）钨添加剂（或粘合剂）

检测出铝 疑似为烧结用金属盐或污染

检测出铁 应为污染

 

 

Sailor “长刀研”老款铱粒（年份代码308）

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

 

 

Sailor “长刀研”新款铱粒（年份代码18C）

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

 

 

Sailor 14K 铱粒（年份代码20E）

钨主量 钌次量 镍粘合剂

 

P5和E3型号的铱粒暂时不能从金属成分区分

 

目前铱粒最普遍采用的是钨钌镍合金，这种配方铱粒目前来看普遍反应耐磨中等，起码是堪用水平，不同工厂生产的性能略有差异。

 

世界绝大多数钢笔厂基本都是采用或采购这个配方的铱粒。

 

目前来看，含铱锇或铱锇铱粒已经基本停用，除德国贺利氏保留了AM生产线外，近产已知仅有Pilot（2017年产95S）采用铱锇铱粒且不确定现在是否仍在生产（2019年产Pilot 74为钌钨钴铱粒）。

 

书写手感问题，应该以铱粒打磨抛光和铱粒表面砂眼为主要影响因素，铱粒磨耗后则以铱粒砂眼为主。如贺利氏铱粒、Pilot铱粒表面砂眼较少，故万宝龙和Pilot等书写普遍顺滑，白金、Sailor砂眼最多，书写阻力比较大。

耐磨在此不做主要讨论，但可以确定成分和耐磨并非有必然联系。例如P5、E3铱粒成分基本相同，但P5硬度更高。

 

Montblanc 145 Heraeus AM Iridium:

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, minor amount of rhenium, osmium additive, cobalt binder.

 

 

 

Montblanc 146 14C Heraeus A1C iridium grains or Heraeus "Hella II" iridium grains in the 70s:

Major iridium, minor osmium, minor ruthenium, cobalt binder, platinum binder.

 

 

 Pilot Elite 95S iridium particles (year code 417):

Osmium main content, iridium minor content, ruthenium additive (or binder), rhodium additive (or binder), platinum binder.

 

 

 

Made in China 14K nib Heraeus E3 iridium:

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

 

 

 

Pilot 14K iridium particles (year code H1179):

Osmium main content, iridium minor content, ruthenium binder.

 

 

 

Pelikan M400:

Heraeus P5/E3 Iridium Granules

 

 

 

Platinum 3776 iridium grains (year code 115):

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

 

 

Platinum President Iridium:

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

Rhodium detected should be contamination of the coating

 

 

Platinum CURIDAS iridium particles:

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

 

 

 

Reprint Parker 51 18k

(Year code Q.III):

Heraeus P5/E3 Iridium Granules

 

 

 

Montblanc 254 14C Iridium grains (check the information, it should be developed during the Nazi Germany period):

Main amount of rhenium, minor amount of ruthenium, minor amount of cobalt (or binder), rhodium additive (or binder), tungsten additive (or binder).

Aluminum is detected, it is suspected to be metal salt for sintering or contamination

Iron detected should be pollution

 

 

Sailor "长刀研" old iridium grain (year code 308):

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

 

 

Sailor "长刀研" new iridium particles (year code 18C):

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

 

 

Sailor 14K iridium grains (year code 20E):

Main amount of tungsten, minor amount of ruthenium, nickel binder.

 

The iridium particles of P5 and E3 models cannot be distinguished from the metal composition for the time being

 

At present, the most commonly used iridium particles are tungsten-ruthenium-nickel alloys. At present, iridium particles of this formula generally have moderate wear resistance, at least at a usable level, and the performance of different factories is slightly different.

 

Most fountain pen factories in the world basically adopt or purchase iridium granules with this formula.

 

At present, iridium-osmium or iridium-osmium-containing iridium particles have been basically out of service. Except for Heraeus in Germany, which retains the AM production line, only Pilot (95S produced in 2017) is known to use iridium-osmium iridium particles and it is not certain now. Whether it is still in production (Pilot 74 produced in 2019 is ruthenium tungsten cobalt iridium granules).

 

When writing hand feeling, the main influencing factors should be the grinding and polishing of iridium grains and the sand holes on the surface of the iridium grains. After the iridium grains are worn out, the sand holes of the iridium grains should be the main factors. For example, Heraeus iridium grains and Pilot iridium grains have fewer blisters on the surface, so Montblanc and Pilot generally write smoothly, while platinum and Sailor have the most blisters, and the writing resistance is relatively large.

Wear resistance is not discussed here, but it can be determined that the composition and wear resistance are not necessarily related. For example, the composition of P5 and E3 iridium particles is basically the same, but the hardness of P5 is higher.

 

① Heraeus E3

② Pilot Elite 95S （OS）

③ Heraeus AM

④ Heraeus P5

⑤ Platinum 3776#

⑥ Sailor 14k

 

[Yao SongYi]

Correct it. The last photo of Heraeus P5 was actually taken from Pelikan. I can’t really be sure that he is a P5, but I have a general understanding through reasoning.

[hari317]

Very Interesting Results. The Microsection results are most interesting to me thanks!

[Bo Bo Olson]

Thank you, it is interesting how many compounds were considered good for tipping still.

 

There is a thread somewhere on the com with '20-30's American companies compounds.