Buzz does it again! The "object" is a paint ball tube. You're supposed to fill the thing with paint balls and cap it. It'll fit onto the magazine hole on the top of a paint ball gun. The picture at the bottom shows how I modified it for use. The tubes are also very handy for storing your dental picks and other sharp tools when not in use - helps to protect the fingers when rummaging around in your tool box.
It was Leprechaun's question about 51 capacity that prompted me to start this particular thread. The question about how to measure Parker 51 and Vacumatic ink capacity often comes up. The 51 in particular presents a problem because the collector under the hood holds a lot of ink. You can't tell if the pen is filling by measuring the amount of ink that comes out because the collector does it's job and holds the ink, and the breather tube helps to hold the ink in the pen as you pump the filler.
The Parker repair manuals said that the way to measure the capacity of a pen was to measure the amount of ink that was taken into a pen. They provided a tube with two graduations on it. One would fill the tube to the top line with water. If the pen took up enough water to lower the level to the lower line, the pen was working properly.
For a while I used a glass Sanford ink well, but ended up using it for other purposes (like holding a pen in the middle of some repair process) and the inkwell was inconvenient to take to a pen show. So, I pulled out a paint ball tube, cut it off and scribed a line on it. Then I filled the cut off tube to the line, and took a newly repaired 51 and filled it to the point where the bubbles stopped. I then pulled out the pen and looked at where the water level was, then marked that point. In this case the tube has an ID of about 3/4" The lines are about 1/4" apart. The volume between the lines is about 1.6 CC. Rather impricise measurement because the lines on my syringe are well worn, but good enough for figuring out if the pen is filling as it should.
There will be variations between pens because of different length breather tubes, and also between the aerometric, Demi and vac filled 51 pens. But in general if the water level goes at least 2/3 of the way down, the pen is filling fine.
Here's a picture of the tube that I use to measure the intake of 51s.