QUOTE(gregoron @ Mar 19 2008, 01:32 PM) [snapback]550832[/snapback]
I don't know where graphite, or pencil, came out...please someone inform us.
If I recall correctly:
Graphite (or "plumbago", or "wad", as it was known locally) was discovered in Borrowdale, England (in late Medieval times, I think), supposedly when a tree blew over and chunks were found among the roots. Local shepherds may have started marking their sheep with it, but (by sometime in the 16th c.?) local craftsmen began cutting it into sticks and fitting it into holders. It caught on, inferior plumbago was discovered in Germany and marketed, then someone in France (I think in the 19th c., as Borrowdale was tapping out) invented the method of mixing the good bits of bad, gritty plumbago, powdered, with fine clay and gluing the baked rods into wooden cases.
It's all in
The Pencil, by Henry Petroski, but I don't have a copy on hand.
-- Brian
(edit: a word substitution)