Making the full 3-D version was too chalenging for me, so I tried just the button, which could be poured 'open top' and then just popped out of the mold. For badly damaged jewels, my plan was to just glue them to the cap.
I tried Sculpey, Plasticine and Latex Mold casting material for the mold. Of course, the proper mold material worked best, but the others resulted in pretty good forms. If you were to try Plaster of Paris, you'd have to coat it with something to bring the surface to a smooth shiny finish, or the casting resin would soak in a bit requiring a huge amount of finishing on the jewel, and would make the mold a single use one.
Mold release agents are very useful - they are available usually where the resin is sold, but a good solid floor wax works pretty well too.
Actually, the most difficult part for me was getting the resin, coloring agent, hardener ratio right. I was probably trying to work with too small quantities of materials to get it perfect, and the amount of 'black' necessary to make the jewel appear like the original seemed to upset the hardner ratio necessary (for small highly tinted mixes you need *more* hardner).
I have a number of still slightly sticky jewel tops available, should anyone want to experiment...
If there are others with more casting experience, please pipe up.
Regards,
Gerry